Sources

69,027 Headings Anchor Gutenberg's Core

Gutenberg · Updated through June 3, 2025

Dataset Project Gutenberg reference pack

• Data Science Learning Community. (2025). TidyTuesday: Project Gutenberg (curated via {lcshr}). https://github.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/tree/main/data/2025/2025-06-03
• Data Science Learning Community. (2025). TidyTuesday: lcsh_subjects.csv. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2025/2025-06-03/lcsh_subjects.csv — subject types and labels (lcsh, lcc, and related fields)…
• Fenner, M. (n.d.). lcshr: Download and Process Public Domain Works from Project Gutenberg. rOpenSci. https://docs.ropensci.org/lcshr/
• Project Gutenberg. (n.d.). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/
• Library of Congress. (n.d.). Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). https://www.loc.gov/aba/cataloging/subject/headings/

A ¥10.3 Million Win Becomes Cultural Reckoning

Trademarks · Updated through July 2026

• AP News — "Louis Vuitton court victory against Chinese tea chain stirs up a copyright debate" (2026). apnews.com
• China IP Law Update — "Louis Vuitton Scores 10 Million RMB in a Controversial Trademark Infringement Dispute Against Molly Tea" (July 2026). chinaiplawupdate.com
• D'Andrea & Partners — "Louis Vuitton v. Molly Tea: Chinese Court Rules on Trademark Infringement in the Beverage Sector." dandreapartners.com
• China Briefing — "Trademark Protection in China: Legal Victory Is Only Part of the Strategy." china-briefing.com
• Global Times — "LV vs Molly Tea case exposes modern IP's cultural blind spot." globaltimes.cn
• Jiemian / Xinhua / Southern Metropolis secondary reporting on judgment date, appeal statements, and damages.no link yet
• Artometrics ethics — evidence tiers.

Beyoncé and Taylor Swift Line by Line

Beyoncé · Updated through September 29, 2020

• Data Science Learning Community. (2020). TidyTuesday: Beyoncé & Taylor Swift Lyrics. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2020/2020-09-29/beyonce_lyrics.csv

Catalog Depth Predicts Pop Duration

Pop Music · Updated through: not yet checked

• MusicBrainz. JSON Data Dumps documentation.no link yet
• MetaBrainz Foundation. Datasets: PostgreSQL and JSON dumps.no link yet
• MusicBrainz Database Download documentation and CC0 license notes.no link yet
• Wikidata and public chart-history references for artist-level context.no link yet

English Holds 72% of the Shelf

Canon · Updated through June 3, 2025

Dataset Project Gutenberg reference pack

• Project Gutenberg. (n.d.). About Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/about/
• Project Gutenberg. (n.d.). Online Distributed Metadata and Catalog Feeds. https://www.gutenberg.org/feeds/
• Project Gutenberg. (n.d.). pg_catalog.csv. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/feeds/pg_catalog.csv
• Cornell University Library. (n.d.). Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States. https://guides.library.cornell.edu/copyright/publicdomain
• U.S. Copyright Office. (n.d.). Title 17, Chapter 1 — Subject Matter and Scope of Copyright. https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html
• Baldwin, P. (2014). The Copyright Wars: Three Centuries of Trans-Atlantic Battle. Princeton University Press.no link yet
• Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. NYU Press.no link yet
• Yu, A. Z., et al. (2016). Pantheon 1.0, a manually verified dataset of globally famous biographies. Scientific Data, 3, 150075. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2015.75
• Data Science Learning Community. (2025). TidyTuesday: Project Gutenberg metadata tables. https://github.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/tree/main/data/2025/2025-06-03
• Fenner, M. (n.d.). gutenbergr. rOpenSci. https://docs.ropensci.org/gutenbergr/
• Wikimedia Foundation. (n.d.). Wikidata. https://www.wikidata.org/
• Library of Congress. (n.d.). Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). https://www.loc.gov/aba/cataloging/subject/headings/

Genre Mislabeling Hides the Winners

Horror · Updated through October 23, 2018

• Data Science Learning Community. (2018). TidyTuesday: Horror Movie Profit. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2018/2018-10-23/movie_profit.csv

Glottolog's 8,612 Records Map Fieldwork, Not Where People Speak

Languages · Updated through December 23, 2025

• Data Science Learning Community. (2025). TidyTuesday: Glottolog / language data. https://github.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/tree/main/data/2025/2025-12-23
• Hammarström, H., Forkel, R., Haspelmath, M., & Bank, S. Glottolog. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. https://glottolog.org/
• UNESCO. Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. https://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/
• Dryer, M. S., & Haspelmath, M. (Eds.). The World Atlas of Language Structures Online. https://wals.info/
• Skirgård, H., et al. (2023). Grambank reveals the importance of genealogical constraints on linguistic diversity and highlights the impact of language loss. Science Advances, 9(16). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adg6175

Horror Ratings Rose as Catalog Volume Grew 50× in Seven Decades

Horror · Updated through November 1, 2022

• Data Science Learning Community. (2022). TidyTuesday: Horror Movies. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2022/2022-11-01/horror_movies.csv

How Long Number-Ones Stay on Top

Billboard · Updated through August 26, 2025

• Data Science Learning Community. (2025). TidyTuesday: Billboard Hot 100 Number Ones. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2025/2025-08-26/billboard.csv
• Billboard. (2025). Hot 100 chart history. billboard.com/charts/hot-100
• Billboard Hot 100 chart data, via utdata/rwd-billboard-data (MIT), through the chart dated Oct 31, 2026
• Trust, Gary. (2026). Ella Langley's 'Choosin' Texas' Rebounds for Record-Extending 25th Week at No. 1 on Hot 100. Billboard. https://www.billboard.com/lists/ella-langley-choosin-texas-hot-100-number-one-25th-week

How Movies Become IMDb Famous

Blockbusters · Updated through: not yet checked

Dataset Movies pack

• IMDb Developer. IMDb Non-Commercial Datasets.no link yet
• IMDb required credit: Information courtesy of IMDb (https://www.imdb.com). Used with permission.
• IMDb Help. Required credit statement and non-commercial terms.no link yet
• Box Office Mojo and The Numbers public box-office reference pages.no link yet
• The Movie Database and Wikidata documentation for alternate open film metadata paths.no link yet

How the Top of the Hot 100 Slowed Down, Then Sped Up Again

Billboard · Updated through October 31, 2026

• Previous version's source. Data Science Learning Community. (2021). TidyTuesday: Billboard Top 100. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2021/2021-09-14/billboard.csv
• Billboard Hot 100 chart data, via utdata/rwd-billboard-data (MIT), commit ff86f04, through the chart dated Oct 31, 2026. Coverage through October 31, 2026. Billboard is the original data owner.

Jingle Bell Rock Spent 19 Weeks on Chart Across Six Decades

Christmas · Updated through December 24, 2019

• Data Science Learning Community. (2019). TidyTuesday: Christmas Songs. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2019/2019-12-24/christmas_songs.csv

Marcia Wallace, 175 Guest Appearances

Simpsons · Updated through August 27, 2019

• Data Science Learning Community. (2019). TidyTuesday: Simpsons Guest Stars. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2019/2019-08-27/simpsons-guests.csv

Merchandise Owns the Ledger

Franchises · Updated through October 12, 2026

Dataset Movies pack

• TidyTuesday (2019-07-02). Media Franchise Revenues (S001). github.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/…/2019-07-02
• Wikipedia. List of highest-grossing media franchises — revision 904026364, 2019-06-29 (audit of S001); revision 1379832186, 2026-10-12 (primary ledger, S017). Accessed 2026-10-12.
• Wikipedia. 2025 in film (rev. 1378645325) and 2026 in film (rev. 1379926625), citing Box Office Mojo and The Numbers (S091, S092). Accessed 2026-10-12.
• Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. CPI-U, CPIAUCSL (S090). Accessed 2026-10-12.
• Robinson, D. (2019). Analyzing Franchise Revenue — TidyTuesday Screencast. youtu.be/1xsbTs9-a50
• Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence Culture. NYU Press.
• Steinberg, M. (2012). Anime's Media Mix. University of Minnesota Press.
• Hernández Hernández, Á. D. (2018). Production committees (Arts 7(3): 42). doi:10.3390/arts7030042
• The Walt Disney Company. Form 10-K FY2024; segment revenues exhibit (S004, S081).
• Box Office Mojo yearly domestic charts (2010–2024) — data/box_office_mojo_yearly_urls.csv.

Netflix's Movie-Heavy Catalog Hid Its Longest Titles in Interactives

Netflix · Updated through April 20, 2021

• Data Science Learning Community. (2021). TidyTuesday: Netflix Titles. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2021/2021-04-20/netflix_titles.csv

Netflix's Top 10% of Titles Drew 68% of Viewing

Streaming · Updated through June 28, 2026

Dataset Streaming catalogs pack

• Netflix, What We Watched the First Half of 2026 (published July 16, 2026): https://about.netflix.com/news/what-we-watched-the-first-half-of-2026
• Netflix Top 10, global weekly lists, all-weeks-global.tsv (weeks ending January 4–June 28, 2026; file read October 30, 2026): https://www.netflix.com/tudum/top10
• User-supplied or public streaming availability export: https://artometrics.com/methodology/
• Related Artometrics report: anime
• Related Artometrics report: franchise

News/Talk Lives on AM While FM Clusters at 101 MHz

Radio · Updated through November 8, 2022

• The source is the TidyTuesday release from 2022-11-08, maintained by the R for Data Science community. The working file contains 17,186 rows and 11 columns after cleaning — call signs, frequencies, formats, and license status fields.no link yet

Pixar's Critic Scores Broke Only Twice—Cars 2 and Lightyear

Pixar · Updated through 2025

• Data Science Learning Community. (2025). TidyTuesday: Pixar Films. pixar_films.csv; public_response.csv. Original pixarfilms R package by Eric Leung.

Prestige TV Scores Drifted Up—Slowly—From 1990 to 2018

Television · Updated through January 8, 2019

• Data Science Learning Community. (2019). TidyTuesday: TV Golden Age. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2019/2019-01-08/IMDb_Economist_tv_ratings.csv

Rolling Stone's 2003 Canon, Rank by Rank

Albums · Updated through: not yet checked

• The source is the TidyTuesday Rolling Stone albums release from the R for Data Science community. The working file contains 691 rows — album titles, artists, release years, types, genre labels, and 2003 rank fields.no link yet

SNL's 859 Records Beat Every Show

Emmys · Updated through September 21, 2021

• Data Science Learning Community. (2021). TidyTuesday: Emmy Awards. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2021/2021-09-21/nominees.csv

Source Sets the Audience Floor

Anime · Updated through October 11, 2026

Dataset Streaming catalogs pack

• Primary data. MyAnimeList metadata via Tenrai API, snapshot 2026-10-11; baseline comparison TidyTuesday 2019-04-23. TidyTuesday 2019-04-23 · data/anime/METHODS_NOTE.md.
• Hernández Hernández, Á. D. (2018). "The Anime Industry, Networks of Participation, and Environments for the Management of Content in Japan." Arts 7(3): 42. Cited for §4.3 (pp. 8–9), the committee mechanism. doi:10.3390/arts7030042.
• Hanzawa, Seiji (2004). "The Japanese Animation and Home Video Game Industries." Japanese Journal of Human Geography 56(6): 587–602. Cited for subcontracting and freelance labor. doi:10.4200/jjhg1948.56.587.
• Mihara, Ryotaro (2018). "Involution: a perspective for understanding Japanese animation's domestic business in a global context." Japan Forum 32(1): 102–125. Published online 2018. doi:10.1080/09555803.2018.1442362.
• Morisawa, Tomohiro (2015). "Managing the unmanageable: Emotional labour and creative hierarchy in the Japanese animation industry." Ethnography 16(2): 262–284. Cited only for the production-management layer (seisaku shinkou) that depends…
• Steinberg, M. (2012). Anime's Media Mix: Franchising Toys and Characters in Japan. University of Minnesota Press. Cited for the media mix and for the television wave beginning with Tetsuwan Atom (1963) and sponsor merchandising.no link yet
• Creamer, Nick (2015-12-02). "What Makes Kyoto Animation So Special?" Anime News Network. animenewsnetwork.com.
• Moore, D. M. (2017-10-20). "A Silent Voice shows why Kyoto Animation is one of the top animation studios." The Verge. theverge.com.
• Kyoto Animation, training school. kyotoanimation.co.jp/school.
• Morrissy, Kim (2018-12-12). "Looking Back on 20 Years of Studio Bones." Anime News Network. animenewsnetwork.com.
• Kyoto Animation, company outline. kyotoanimation.co.jp/company/outline. Hiring page. new-graduate animator terms.
• OLM, company site. olm.co.jp/about. Anime News Network encyclopedia entry. animenewsnetwork.com.
• Toei Animation, company history. corp.toei-anim.co.jp.
• DLE, company history. dle.jp/jp/company. Anime News Network (2020) on Eagle Talon. animenewsnetwork.com.
• IDOLiSH7 official announcement (Jan 17, 2017). idolish7.com. Anime News Network (2017). animenewsnetwork.com.
• Netflix Media Center, Devilman: Crybaby. media.netflix.com. Anime News Network (2017). animenewsnetwork.com.
• Studio Pierrot, Dallos archive. pierrot.jp. Pineda, Rafael Antonio (2022-11-21). "1st Ever OVA Dallos Gets Blu-ray Disc Release in March 2023." Anime News Network. animenewsnetwork.com.
• Ristola, Jacqueline C. R. (2024). "Going Gonzo: Crunchyroll, Anime Streaming, and Unpaid Digital Labour." Kinephanos 10(1): 145–174. Cited for p. 4: Crunchyroll began licensed simulcasts in 2008 and went licensed-only in January 2009, af…
• Same-day Naruto Shippuden (January 2009), as reported by Anime News Network. 2009. August 2008 Gonzo license announcement. 2008.
• Association of Japanese Animations, Anime Industry Report English summaries (2019 and 2024 editions). 2023 was the second time overseas sales passed domestic ones (the first was 2020; 2024 summary, p. 8). 2023 summary. 2024 summary. Whol…
• JustWatch US, accessed October 10, 2026. Subscription, free-with-ads, rental, and purchase offers. Checked by hand for the Buried Canon shortlist.no link yet

Spider-Man Leads 23,000 Comic Characters at 4,043 Appearances

Comics · Updated through May 29, 2018

• Data Science Learning Community. (2018). TidyTuesday: Comic Book Characters. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2018/2018-05-29/week9_comic_characters.csv

Springsteen on Broadway Doubled Hamilton's Average Ticket Price

Broadway · Updated through April 28, 2020

• Data Science Learning Community. (2020). TidyTuesday: Broadway Musicals. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2020/2020-04-28/grosses.csv

Squid Game Season 2 Logged 730 Million Hours on Netflix

Netflix · Updated through July 29, 2025

• Data Science Learning Community. (2025). TidyTuesday: Netflix Engagement. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2025/2025-07-29/shows.csv

Twelve Words per Tokenized Record

Sherlock · Updated through November 18, 2025

• Data Science Learning Community. (2025). TidyTuesday: Sherlock Holmes. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2025/2025-11-18/holmes.csv

UK Cluster in Less-Deprived Areas

Museums · Updated through November 22, 2022

• Data Science Learning Community. (2022). TidyTuesday: UK Museums. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2022/2022-11-22/museums.csv

Victorian Authors Own the Christmas Canon

Christmas · Updated through December 30, 2025

• Data Science Learning Community. (2025). TidyTuesday: Christmas Novels. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2025/2025-12-30/christmas_novels.csv

What Star Risk Costs an IP

Franchises · Updated through 2026

• De Vany, A., & Walls, W. D. (2004). Motion pictures and the risk of product market failure. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18(3), 173–186. AEA Web
• Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. NYU Press.no link yet
• Data Science Learning Community. (2019). TidyTuesday: Media franchise revenues. GitHub
• Box Office Mojo. Title-level worldwide gross and trade-reported budget figures, 2021–2026. boxofficemojo.com
• Artometrics. Franchise revenue report. artometrics.com/franchise
• Artometrics. Horror-profit / margins report. artometrics.com/margins
• Artometrics. The Protection Threshold. artometrics.com/protection

When Flops End Hollywood's Silence

Franchises · Updated through July 2026

• BBC News. Jared Leto criminal sexual conduct allegations, July 2026. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd7lg2nz2x2o — Primary reporting on the documentary's claims and Leto's denial; allegation language only.
• BBC Three. Jared Leto: Hollywood's Dark Secret. https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002zl1y — Documentary programme page.
• Box Office Mojo. Film gross data. https://www.boxofficemojo.com/ — Observed worldwide gross figures for the Leto 2020s slate.
• MarketWatch. The Weinstein Company struggled financially even before Harvey Weinstein's sexual misconduct allegations, October 12, 2017. https://www.marketwatch.com/story/the-weinstein-company-struggled-financially-even-before-harvey-wei…
• The Atlantic. Bryan Singer's Accusers Speak Out, March 2019. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2019/03/bryan-singers-accusers-speak-out/580462/ — Report after which Singer's mainstream studio attachments largely stopped.
• Variety. Bryan Singer secret movie, Jon Voight, 2025. https://variety.com/2025/film/news/bryan-singer-secret-movie-jon-voight-israel-lebanon-1236499696/ — Reporting on a fringe project, distinguished from a mainstream studio comeback.
• Related Artometrics report: The Prestige Economy: Oscars, Grammys, and Nobels

$10B Value, 29-Year Title Drought

Cowboys · Updated through: not yet checked

Dataset Sports franchises pack

• Pro Football Reference. Dallas Cowboys Franchise Encyclopedia.no link yet
• Forbes. NFL Team Valuations, recent estimates.no link yet
• Sports Reference playoff and quarterback starter records.no link yet
• NFL historical postseason records.no link yet
• Related Artometrics report: Patriots

111 Wins Still Wasn't Enough

Dodgers · Updated through: not yet checked

• Baseball Reference. Los Angeles Dodgers Franchise History.no link yet
• Lahman, S. Lahman Baseball Database.no link yet
• Forbes and public payroll-rank summaries.no link yet
• Retrosheet and Baseball Almanac pennant/title records.no link yet
• Related Artometrics report: Yankees
• Related Artometrics report: Padres
• Related Artometrics report: Giants

A Dozen Steam Titles Captured Half the Audience

Games · Updated through March 16, 2021

• Data Science Learning Community. (2021). TidyTuesday: Video Games. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2021/2021-03-16/sliced-tidytuesday.csv

Crowd Scale Meets Elite Ratings

Board Games · Updated through March 12, 2019

• Data Science Learning Community. (2019). TidyTuesday: Board Games. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2019/2019-03-12/board_games.csv

Dragon-types Earn Their Attack Stats—Bug-types Don't Recover

Pokémon · Updated through 2025

• The PokéAPI/TidyTuesday file is useful because it exposes the game-design schema behind the franchise: types, stats, generation IDs, dimensions, and battle-related mechanics in a machine-readable form. It is less useful for competitive o…no link yet
• The historical anchors are Satoshi Tajiri, Game Freak, Nintendo, Creatures, and The Pokémon Company because the numbers emerge from a designed commercial system that began with Pocket Monsters Red and Green in 1996. Bulbapedia and PokéAP…no link yet
• Data Science Learning Community. (2025). TidyTuesday: A weekly social data project. Week 13, 2025 — Pokémon. https://tidytues.day
• Ito, S. (Producer), & Tajiri, S. (Director). (1996). Pocket Monsters Red and Green [Video game]. Nintendo / Game Freak.no link yet
• PokéAPI. (2025). The RESTful Pokémon API. https://pokeapi.co
• Bulbapedia contributors. (2025). Base experience. Bulbapedia, the community-driven Pokémon encyclopedia. https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Base_experience

Eighteen Titles Made the Celtics a Franchise Judged Against Itself

Celtics · Updated through: not yet checked

• Basketball Reference. Boston Celtics Franchise Index.no link yet
• NBA.com historical championship records.no link yet
• Sports Reference Finals appearance summaries.no link yet
• Related Artometrics report: Lakers
• Related Artometrics report: Warriors

Record Sale, No Championship Formula

Padres · Updated through July 14, 2026

• Baseball Reference. 2026 San Diego Padres Statistics. baseball-reference.com
• Forbes. (2026, March). Baseball's Most Valuable Teams. forbes.com/mlb-valuations
• Major League Baseball. Commissioner remarks on Padres sale documentation, July 14, 2026. mlb.com
• Sportico. (2026). San Diego Padres Sale: Feliciano, Jones to Pay MLB-Record $3.9 Billion. sportico.com
• Sports Business Journal. (2026, July). Feliciano group submits final documentation for Padres sale. sportsbusinessjournal.com
• San Diego Union-Tribune. (2026, July). Padres farm-system and trade-deadline coverage. sandiegouniontribune.com
• Baseball America. (2026, July). MLB Farm System Midseason Talent Rankings. baseballamerica.com
• Related Artometrics report: The Most Expensive Team That Has Never Won Anything
• Related Artometrics report: Dodgers
• Related Artometrics report: Sports Dynasty Index

Record Sale, Zero Championships

Padres · Updated through 2026

• Lahman, S. (2026). Lahman's Baseball Database, 1871–2025. Society for American Baseball Research. Released January 2, 2026. CC BY-SA 3.0. sabr.org/lahman-database.
• Sports Reference LLC. 2026 San Diego Padres statistics. Baseball-Reference.com. teams/SDP/2026. 2025 NL Wild Card Series, Cubs over Padres (2–1). 2025_NLWC2. Tony Gwynn. Eight batting titles listed on the player page. gwynnto01.
• Major League Baseball (August 17, 2026). MLB owners unanimously approve Kwanza Jones and José E. Feliciano as new owners of the San Diego Padres. Press release.
• Associated Press (August 17, 2026). MLB approves sale of San Diego Padres to José E. Feliciano and Kwanza Jones. AP News.
• NBC 7 San Diego (August 17, 2026). MLB owners approve San Diego Padres sale to group led by José E. Feliciano and Kwanza Jones ($3.9 billion; 30 percent Petco Park stake). Article.
• Major League Baseball and the Major League Baseball Players Association (2022). 2022–2026 Basic Agreement. Base tax thresholds on p. 117. PDF.
• Lopez, M. J., Matthews, G. J., and Baumer, B. S. (2018). How often does the best team win? The Annals of Applied Statistics, 12(4), 2483–2516. doi:10.1214/18-AOAS1165.
• Alexander, D. L., and Kern, W. (2004). The economic determinants of professional sports franchise values. Journal of Sports Economics, 5(1), 51–66. doi:10.1177/1527002503251715.
• Hall, S., Szymanski, S., and Zimbalist, A. S. (2002). Testing causality between team performance and payroll. Journal of Sports Economics, 3(2), 149–168. doi:10.1177/152700250200300204.
• Rockerbie, D. W., and Easton, S. T. (2018). Revenue sharing in Major League Baseball. International Journal of Financial Studies, 6(3), 71. doi:10.3390/ijfs6030071.
• Rockerbie, D. W. (2020). Revenue sharing and collusive behavior in the posting system. Economies, 8(3), 71. doi:10.3390/economies8030071.
• Hakes, J. K., and Sauer, R. D. (2006). An economic evaluation of the Moneyball hypothesis. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(3), 173–185. doi:10.1257/jep.20.3.173.
• Siegfried, J., and Zimbalist, A. (2000). The economics of sports facilities and their communities. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(3), 95–114. doi:10.1257/jep.14.3.95.
• Bradbury, J. C., Coates, D., and Humphreys, B. R. (2023). The impact of professional sports franchises and venues on local economies. Journal of Economic Surveys, 37(4), 1389–1431. doi:10.1111/joes.12533.
• Krautmann, A. C., and Solow, J. L. (2009). The dynamics of performance over long-term contracts. Journal of Sports Economics, 10(1), 6–22. doi:10.1177/1527002508327382.
• Lemke, R. J., Leonard, M., and Tlhokwane, K. (2010). Estimating attendance at Major League Baseball games. Journal of Sports Economics, 11(3), 316–348. doi:10.1177/1527002509337212.
• Szymanski, S. (2003). The economic design of sporting contests. Journal of Economic Literature, 41(4), 1137–1187. doi:10.1257/jel.41.4.1137.
• Rottenberg, S. (1956). The baseball players' labor market. Journal of Political Economy, 64(3), 242–258. doi:10.1086/257790.
• Chapin, T. S. (2004). Sports facilities as urban redevelopment catalysts. Journal of the American Planning Association, 70(2), 193–209. doi:10.1080/01944360408976370.
• Herzog, L. A., and Sohn, C. (2019). The San Diego–Tijuana cross-border metropolis. Territory, Politics, Governance, 7(2), 177–199. doi:10.1080/21622671.2017.1323003.
• Kunz, W. M. (2017). The rise of the local: regional sports networks. Journal of Sports Media, 12(1), 141–168. doi:10.1353/jsm.2017.0006.
• Erie, S. P., Kogan, V., and MacKenzie, S. A. (2011). Paradise Plundered. Stanford University Press. doi:10.1515/9780804782180.
• Related Artometrics report: The Padres Cost $3.9 Billion. Winning Will Cost More.
• Related Artometrics report: Dodgers
• Related Artometrics report: Giants
• Related Artometrics report: Yankees

Seventeen Championships, Star Gravity

Lakers · Updated through: not yet checked

Dataset Sports franchises pack

• Basketball Reference. Los Angeles Lakers Franchise Index.no link yet
• NBA.com historical championship records.no link yet
• Sports Reference and Basketball Reference Finals appearance summaries.no link yet
• Related Artometrics report: Celtics
• Related Artometrics report: Warriors

Seventy-Three Wins Rewrote Basketball Offense

Warriors · Updated through 2024

• Basketball Reference. (2024). Golden State Warriors franchise history. Sportradar. Retrieved from https://www.basketball-reference.com/teams/GSW/
• Basketball Reference. (2024). NBA season summaries, 1979–2024. Sportradar. Retrieved from https://www.basketball-reference.com/leagues/
• Bresler, A. (2023). nbastatR: An interface to the NBA Stats API, Basketball Reference, and related sources (R package version 0.1.153). GitHub. Retrieved from https://github.com/abresler/nbastatR
• Goldsberry, K. (2019). Sprawlball: A visual tour of the new era of the NBA. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.no link yet
• Lewis, M. (2004). Moneyball: The art of winning an unfair game. W. W. Norton & Company.no link yet
• Oliver, D. (2004). Basketball on paper: Rules and tools for performance analysis. Potomac Books.no link yet
• Shea, S., & Baker, C. (2013). Basketball analytics: Objective and efficient strategies for understanding how teams win. Advanced Metrics.no link yet
• Silver, N. (2015, June 11). The Warriors' three-point revolution and how it changed basketball. FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved from https://fivethirtyeight.com
• Related Artometrics report: Celtics
• Related Artometrics report: Lakers
• Related Artometrics report: Giants

Six Sports Identity Patterns

Fandom · Updated through: not yet checked

• Reference franchise histories from Baseball Reference, Basketball Reference, Pro Football Reference, and Hockey Reference.no link yet
• Forbes. Professional sports franchise valuation lists.no link yet
• U.S. Census regional framing, used only as a broad geography reference.no link yet
• Public attendance, championship, and market summaries from league history pages.no link yet

Six Super Bowls in Nineteen Seasons

Patriots · Updated through: not yet checked

• Pro Football Reference. New England Patriots Franchise Encyclopedia.no link yet
• NFL historical postseason records.no link yet
• Forbes. NFL Team Valuations, recent estimates.no link yet
• Sports Reference team season summaries.no link yet
• Related Artometrics report: Cowboys

Ten Hours per Dollar Owns the Shelf

Steam · Updated through July 30, 2019

• Data Science Learning Community. (2019). TidyTuesday: Video Games Steam Spy. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2019/2019-07-30/video_games.csv

Three Titles in Five Years at Payroll Nine

Giants · Updated through 2024

• Lahman, S. (2024). Lahman Baseball Database (Version 11.0). Retrieved from http://www.seanlahman.com/baseball-archive/statistics/
• Friendly, M., Dalzell, C., Monkman, M., & Murphy, D. (2021). Lahman: Sean 'Lahman' Baseball Database (R package version 10.0-1). Retrieved from https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=Lahman
• Baseball Reference. (2024). San Francisco Giants franchise history. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved from https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/SFG/
• James, B. (2001). The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract. Free Press.no link yet
• Schwarz, A. (2004). The Numbers Game: Baseball's Lifelong Fascination with Statistics. Thomas Dunne Books.no link yet
• Brown, G. (2012). The San Francisco Giants: 50 Years. Arcadia Publishing.no link yet
• Related Artometrics report: Padres
• Related Artometrics report: Dodgers
• Related Artometrics report: Yankees

Twenty-Seven Titles Built the Yankees—Fifteen Dry Years Define Them Now

Yankees · Updated through: not yet checked

Dataset Sports franchises pack

• Baseball Reference. New York Yankees Franchise History.no link yet
• Lahman, S. Lahman Baseball Database.no link yet
• Forbes. MLB Team Valuations, historical rankings.no link yet
• Retrosheet and Baseball Almanac championship/pennant records.no link yet
• Related Artometrics report: Dodgers
• Related Artometrics report: Padres
• Related Artometrics report: Giants

When Dynasties Are Systems

Dynasties · Updated through: not yet checked

• Artometrics. Which Sports Dynasties Convert Finals Appearances Into Championships? (source report.)
• Artometrics. Six Super Bowls in 19 Seasons — The Patriots' Systemic Discontinuity (source report.)
• Artometrics. 18 NBA titles have turned the Celtics into a franchise judged against its own history (source report.)
• Related Artometrics report: Lakers
• Related Artometrics report: Warriors
• Related Artometrics report: Dodgers
• Related Artometrics report: Padres
• Related Artometrics report: Cowboys

Who Converts Finals Into Championships?

Dynasties · Updated through: not yet checked

• Baseball Reference. Franchise history pages.no link yet
• Basketball Reference. Team season and playoff records.no link yet
• Pro Football Reference. Team franchise records.no link yet
• Hockey Reference. Franchise records.no link yet
• Forbes. Professional sports franchise valuations, recent lists.no link yet

Why Rules Set Team Value, Not Markets

Leagues · Updated through: not yet checked

• Forbes. Professional sports franchise valuation lists.no link yet
• Spotrac. Salary-cap and payroll summaries.no link yet
• Basketball Reference, Baseball Reference, Pro Football Reference, Hockey Reference. League and team records.no link yet
• Premier League and MLS public competition records.no link yet

Captive Cetacean Transfers Peaked in 1972 at 170 U.S. Records

Whales · Updated through December 18, 2018

• Data Science Learning Community. (2018). TidyTuesday: Cetaceans. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2018/2018-12-18/allCetaceanData.csv

Do Four-Minute Medium Posts Earn More Claps?

Medium · Updated through December 4, 2018

• The source is the TidyTuesday release from 2018-12-04 (R for Data Science community). The working file contains 78,388 rows and 22 columns after assembly — titles, publications, reading time, claps, and related metadata.no link yet

Global Life Expectancy Nearly Tripled in Five Centuries

Longevity · Updated through: not yet checked

• Data note (no linked source on the original page): Life expectancy at birth stayed between 25 and 40 years for most of recorded history because childhood mortality dominated the average, not because adults aged faster. Parish registers, …no link yet

Nuclear Test Magnitudes Peaked at 7.40 Across 2,051 Detonations

Nuclear · Updated through: not yet checked

• The source is the TidyTuesday nuclear explosions release maintained by the R for Data Science community. The working file assembles event-level rows with country labels, purpose codes, body-wave magnitude, depth, and related fields after…no link yet

Page Speed Improved 31% at the Median, 2016–2022

Web · Updated through November 15, 2022

• Data Science Learning Community. (2022). TidyTuesday: Web Page Metrics. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2022/2022-11-15/speed_index.csv

Singapore's Wastewater Plants Discharge 200× the Global Norm

Water · Updated through September 20, 2022

• The source is the TidyTuesday release from 2022-09-20 (R for Data Science community). The working file contains 58,502 rows and 25 columns after merging country, treatment level, discharge, and quality fields.no link yet

The 3% Stick Medicare Keeps Swinging

Hospitals · Updated through January 1, 2026

• Jencks, S.F., Williams, M.V., & Coleman, E.A. (2009). Rehospitalizations among Patients in the Medicare Fee-for-Service Program. NEJM, 360(14), 1418–1428. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa0803563
• Joynt, K.E., & Jha, A.K. (2013). Characteristics of hospitals receiving penalties under the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program. JAMA, 309(4), 342–343. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.94856
• Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) — FY2025 Supplemental Data. CMS Provider Data Catalog, Dataset ID: 9n3s-kdb3. https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/9n3s-kdb3
• Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Hospital General Information. CMS Provider Data Catalog, Dataset ID: xubh-q36u. https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/dataset/xubh-q36u — joined to HRRP data for ownership classification in Chart 3.
• Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2024). Transforming Episode Accountability Model (TEAM). https://www.cms.gov/priorities/innovation/innovation-models/team — mandatory participation effective January 1, 2026 for 742 hospitals.
• Medicare Payment Advisory Commission. (2024). Report to the Congress: Medicare Payment Policy, Chapter 9 (hospital inpatient and outpatient services; readmissions discussion). https://www.medpac.gov
• Zuckerman, R.B., Sheingold, S.H., Orav, E.J., Ruhter, J., & Epstein, A.M. (2016). Readmissions, observation, and the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program. New England Journal of Medicine, 374(16), 1543–1551. https://doi.org/10.1056/NE…
• Krumholz, H.M., et al. (2017). Association of Changing Hospital Readmission Rates With Mortality Rates After Hospital Discharge. JAMA, 318(3), 270–278. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.8444
• Wadhera, R.K., et al. (2018). Association of the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program With Mortality Among Medicare Beneficiaries Hospitalized for Heart Failure, Acute Myocardial Infarction, and Pneumonia. JAMA, 320(24), 2542–2552. do…
• Gupta, A., et al. (2019). Hospital revisits within 30 days after discharge for medical conditions targeted by the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program in the United States. BMJ, 366, l4563. doi:10.1136/bmj.l4563
• Dzau, V.J., & McClellan, M.B. (2019). The Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program — Time for a Reboot. NEJM perspective. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1901225
• Advisory Board (2024, 2025). Analyses of CMS preliminary HRRP payment-reduction files for FY2025 and FY2026. FY2025 chart; FY2026 chart.
• OECD (2023). Health at a Glance 2023: OECD Indicators — hospital readmission indicators. oecd.org
• Full bibliography: articles/readmitted/references.bib. Image credits: articles/readmitted/CREDITS.md.no link yet

Constantine Lasted 31 Years; the Nerva–Antonine Line Averaged 12.5 More

Emperors · Updated through August 13, 2019

• Data Science Learning Community. (2019). TidyTuesday: Roman Emperors. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2019/2019-08-13/emperors.csv
• Data Science Learning Community. (2019). TidyTuesday Roman Emperors source folder. https://github.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/tree/main/data/2019/2019-08-13
• Boatwright, M. T., Gargola, D. J., Lenski, N., & Talbert, R. J. A. (2012). The Romans: From Village to Empire (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.no link yet
• Potter, D. S. (2014). The Roman Empire at Bay, AD 180–395 (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203080971
• Ando, C. (2012). Imperial Rome AD 193 to 284: The Critical Century. Edinburgh University Press. https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-imperial-rome-ad-193-to-284.html

How Award Shows Build Prestige

Oscars · Updated through 2005

• Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Academy Awards Database.
• Oscars.org. Awards Databases and Acceptance Speech Database.
• Nobel Prize. Public prize and laureate data/API documentation.
• DLu/oscar_data. Curated Academy Award nomination dataset with identifiers.
• Recording Academy public Grammy records and Wikidata award tables.
• Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Academy Awards Database. https://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/
• Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Academy Awards Acceptance Speech Database. https://aaspeechesdb.oscars.org/
• Nobel Prize Outreach. Nobel Prize API. https://www.nobelprize.org/about/developer-zone-2/
• The Recording Academy. GRAMMY Awards rules and guidelines. https://www.grammy.com/awards/rules-guidelines
• English, J. F. (2005). The Economy of Prestige: Prizes, Awards, and the Circulation of Cultural Value. Harvard University Press.

Power at 0.95, Then the Ides

Caesar · Updated through 2020

• Bolt, J., & van Zanden, J.L. (2020). Maddison Project Database, version 2020. University of Groningen.
• Caesar, J. (58–50 BCE). Commentarii de Bello Gallico. Trans. W.A. McDevitte & W.S. Bohn. Project Gutenberg.
• Cicero, M.T. (46 BCE). Brutus.
• Dyson, S.B. (2006). Personality and foreign policy: Tony Blair's Iraq decisions. Foreign Policy Analysis, 2(3), 289–306.
• Goldsworthy, A. (2006). Caesar: Life of a Colossus. Yale University Press.
• Hermann, M.G. (1999). Assessing Leadership Style: A Trait Analysis. Social Science Automation.
• Lo Cascio, E., & Malanima, P. (2011). Ancient and pre-modern economies: GDP in the Roman Empire and early modern Europe. Paper presented at the Conference on Quantifying Long Run Economic Development, Venice, March 22–24.
• Maddison, A. (2007). Contours of the World Economy 1–2030 AD. Oxford University Press.
• Milanovic, B., Lindert, P.H., & Williamson, J.G. (2011). Pre-industrial inequality. The Economic Journal, 121(551), 255–272.
• Pliny the Elder. Naturalis Historia, 7.54.
• Plutarch. (c. AD 100). Parallel Lives: Caesar. Trans. Robin Seager. Penelope/University of Chicago.no link yet
• Post, J.M. (2004). Leaders and Their Followers in a Dangerous World. Cornell University Press.
• Scheidel, W., & Friesen, S.J. (2009). The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire. Journal of Roman Studies, 99, 61–91.
• Strauss, B. (2015). The Death of Caesar: The Story of History's Most Famous Assassination. Simon & Schuster.
• Suetonius. (c. AD 121). The Twelve Caesars: Divus Julius. Trans. Robert Graves. Penguin Classics.
• Wang, X., & Guo, Y. (2019). Leadership trait analysis of Chinese Communist leaders. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 24(3).no link yet

Power, Art, and Science Dominate MIT's Pantheon of Global Memory

Pantheon · Updated through: editorial index

• Pantheon aggregates biographical notability using multilingual Wikipedia presence. Cross-language edition counts act as passport stamps for global memory—a person who exists in many Wikipedias has traveled farther through culture than on…no link yet
• The charts use editorial indices to make domain, era, city, and occupation comparisons legible. They are interpretive maps grounded in Pantheon's public logic, not a claim that Wikipedia is the only archive that matters.no link yet

The Cost of Being the Product

Jackson · Updated through 2026

• Hermann, M.G. (1999). Assessing Leadership Style: A Trait Analysis. Social Science Automation.
• Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Gold & Platinum certification search — Michael Jackson, Thriller. riaa.com.
• Reuters. (2016). Sony buys out Michael Jackson estate's stake in music publisher Sony/ATV for $750 million.
• Billboard. (2016). Coverage of the Sony/ATV buyout of the Michael Jackson estate's 50% stake.
• Forbes. (2016). Top-Earning Dead Celebrities list — Michael Jackson estate, $825 million.
• People v. Jackson, Santa Barbara County Superior Court (2003–2005) — trial record and June 2005 acquittal on all 14 counts.no link yet
• Leaving Neverland (2019). HBO documentary — renewed allegations; Michael Jackson estate public statements and legal filings disputing the film.
• Artometrics. (2026). Julius Caesar and the Cost of Managing Power — Psychonomics method template. artometrics.com/caesar
• Artometrics. (2026). Beyoncé and the Cost of Controlling the House — Psychonomics series. artometrics.com/beyonce
• Supporting chart files: /data/articles/jackson/charts/ (chart1_catalog_milestones.plotly.json, chart2_legal_timeline.plotly.json, chart3_lta_radar.plotly.json).no link yet

The Cost of Controlling the House

Beyoncé · Updated through 2019

• Hermann, M. G. (1999). Assessing Leadership Style: A Trait Analysis. Social Science Automation. socialscienceautomation.org
• Hermann, M. G. (1980). Explaining foreign policy behavior using the personal characteristics of political leaders. International Studies Quarterly, 24(1), 7–46. doi.org/10.2307/2600126
• Preston, T. (2001). The President and His Inner Circle: Leadership Style and the Advisory Process in Foreign Affairs. Columbia University Press. (Expert-coded LTA precedent for non-automated trait scoring.)no link yet
• Rolling Stone. (2020, September 22). The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time (2020 update). rollingstone.com — list positions for Lemonade (#32) and Beyoncé (#81).
• Billboard. Billboard 200 weekly chart archives for Beyoncé (2013) and Lemonade (2016). Weeks-on-chart and peak positions cited in the economic fingerprint chart. billboard.com/charts/billboard-200
• Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. (2019). 71st Primetime Emmy Awards — nominee data for Homecoming: A Film by Beyoncé. televisionacademy.com
• Netflix. (2019). Homecoming: A film by Beyoncé [Documentary]. netflix.com
• Parkwood Entertainment. Label, touring, and production structure. beyonce.com/parkwood
• Data Science Learning Community. (2020, November 3). TidyTuesday: Beyoncé & Taylor Swift lyrics. Corpus lineage for the lyric extract. github.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday
• MusicBrainz Foundation. Artist and release metadata for discography years and era sequencing. musicbrainz.org (Beyoncé artist record).

What Empire Chronicles Leave Out

Empires · Updated through 2024

• The core economic series come from the Maddison Project Database and associated long-run GDP reconstructions by Angus Maddison, Jutta Bolt, Jan Luiten van Zanden, Elio Lo Cascio, Paolo Malanima, Walter Scheidel, and Steven Friesen. These…no link yet
• The wage-side interpretation relies on Robert Allen’s European wage series, Özmucur and Pamuk’s Ottoman reconstruction, and Allen, Bassino, Ma, Moll-Murata, and van Zanden’s China/Asia wage work because GDP per capita alone cannot identi…no link yet
• Allen, R. C. (2001). The great divergence in European wages and prices from the Middle Ages to the First World War. Explorations in Economic History, 38(4), 411–447.
• Allen, R. C., Bassino, J. P., Ma, D., Moll-Murata, C., & van Zanden, J. L. (2011). Wages, prices, and living standards in China, 1738–1925. Economic History Review, 64(S1), 8–38.
• Bolt, J., & van Zanden, J. L. (2024). Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update. Journal of Economic Surveys, 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12618
• Goldstone, J. A. (1991). Revolution and rebellion in the early modern world. University of California Press.
• Lo Cascio, E., & Malanima, P. (2009). GDP in pre-modern agrarian economies (1–1820 AD): A revision of the estimates. Rivista di Storia Economica, 25(3), 391–420.
• Morris, I. (2013). The measure of civilization: How social development decides the fate of nations. Princeton University Press.
• Özmucur, S., & Pamuk, Ş. (2002). Real wages and standards of living in the Ottoman Empire, 1489–1914. Journal of Economic History, 62(2), 293–321.
• Pomeranz, K. (2000). The great divergence: China, Europe, and the making of the modern world economy. Princeton University Press.
• Scheidel, W. (2017). The great leveler: Violence and the history of inequality from the stone age to the twenty-first century. Princeton University Press.
• Scheidel, W., & Friesen, S. J. (2009). The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire. Journal of Roman Studies, 99, 61–91.
• Turchin, P. (2006). War and peace and war: The rise and fall of empires. Pi Press.
• Turchin, P., & Nefedov, S. A. (2009). Secular cycles. Princeton University Press.

A Data Framework for Economic Identity

Cities · Updated through: not yet checked

• BEA. Regional GDP by county and metropolitan area documentation/API.no link yet
• DOSE / PIK. Global subnational economic output dataset.no link yet
• World Cities Culture Forum. CREATIVE Data Framework and 5th Edition Data Explorer.no link yet
• DataSF and NYC Open Data. Socrata/SODA portal documentation.no link yet
• U.S. Census ACS and International Trade Administration Metropolitan Export Series.no link yet

Brazil Dominates the UN Roll-Call in a 100,000-Vote Sample

United Nations · Updated through March 23, 2021

• Data Science Learning Community. (2021). TidyTuesday: UN Votes. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2021/2021-03-23/unvotes.csv
• Data Science Learning Community. (2021). TidyTuesday UN Votes source folder. https://github.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/tree/main/data/2021/2021-03-23
• Erik Voeten. United Nations General Assembly Voting Data. Harvard Dataverse. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/LEJUQZ
• Bailey, M. A., Strezhnev, A., & Voeten, E. (2017). Estimating dynamic state preferences from United Nations voting data. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 61(2), 430–456. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002715595700
• United Nations Digital Library. Voting data and General Assembly records. https://digitallibrary.un.org/
• United Nations. Member States. https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states

California vs. Texas on Seven Economic Dimensions

States · Updated through: not yet checked

• BEA. State GDP by industry.no link yet
• U.S. Census ACS and population estimates.no link yet
• IRS migration data summaries.no link yet
• BLS state employment statistics.no link yet
• International Trade Administration and OEC export references.no link yet
• State budget and tax agency documents.no link yet

Can It Absorb Its Own Invention Machine?

San Francisco · Updated through: not yet checked

• DataSF / SF.gov. Open Data portal and developer documentation.no link yet
• Socrata / SODA API documentation.no link yet
• BEA. Metropolitan GDP and regional data.no link yet
• U.S. Census ACS. Housing, income, commuting, and demographic tables.no link yet
• International Trade Administration. Metropolitan Export Series.no link yet
• World Cities Culture Forum. CREATIVE Data Framework.no link yet

CEO Tenure Caps at 2.5 Years in 9,423 Departure Records

CEOs · Updated through April 27, 2021

• Data Science Learning Community. (2021). TidyTuesday: CEO Departures. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2021/2021-04-27/departures.csv

Film and Music Lead Cultural Exports; Korea Rose 70 Points Since 1990

Exports · Updated through: editorial index

Dataset Creative exports pack

• UNESCO Institute for Statistics and UNESCO cultural trade references.no link yet
• WIPO creative economy and intellectual property indicators.no link yet
• World Cities Culture Forum. CREATIVE Data Framework.no link yet
• MusicBrainz / MetaBrainz dumps.no link yet
• IMDb/TMDb/Wikidata public metadata references.no link yet
• World Bank and OECD services and export datasets.no link yet

Five Brands Capture 87% of Ad Views

Super Bowl · Updated through March 2, 2021

• Data Science Learning Community. (2021). TidyTuesday: Super Bowl Ads. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2021/2021-03-02/youtube.csv

Five Countries Hold 72% of World Population

Nations · Updated through October 22, 2024

• Data Science Learning Community. (2024). TidyTuesday: CIA World Factbook. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2024/2024-10-22/cia_factbook.csv

Middle Brackets Gained Income Share; Top Tiers Trailed the Median

Wealth · Updated through February 9, 2021

• Data Science Learning Community. (2021). TidyTuesday: Wealth and Income. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2021/2021-02-09/income_distribution.csv

National Turnout Hit 132 Million; Most States Stayed Near 1.2 Million

Voters · Updated through October 9, 2018

• Data Science Learning Community. (2018). TidyTuesday: US Voter Turnout. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2018/2018-10-09/voter_turnout.csv

New York Capital, San Francisco Invention

Cities · Updated through: not yet checked

• BEA. Metropolitan GDP and regional industry data.no link yet
• BLS metro employment data.no link yet
• DataSF and NYC Open Data Socrata portals.no link yet
• World Cities Culture Forum CREATIVE Data Framework.no link yet
• Transit agency and office-market public summaries.no link yet

Platforms, Factories, and Machines

Exports · Updated through: not yet checked

• Observatory of Economic Complexity. Country and product trade profiles. https://oec.world/en
• United Nations Statistics Division. UN Comtrade Database. https://comtradeplus.un.org/
• World Bank. World Development Indicators: Exports of goods and services. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.EXP.GNFS.CD
• OECD. Trade in Value Added (TiVA) database. https://www.oecd.org/sti/ind/measuring-trade-in-value-added.htm
• International Monetary Fund. Direction of Trade Statistics. https://data.imf.org/?sk=9D6028D4-F14A-464C-A2F2-59B2CD424B85

Psychology Grads Fill Low-Wage Jobs at Four Times the Business Rate

Majors · Updated through October 16, 2018

• Data Science Learning Community. (2018). TidyTuesday: College Major & Income. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2018/2018-10-16/recent-grads.csv

School Diversity Peaks at 85.3 While the Median Holds at 2.38

Schools · Updated through September 24, 2019

• Data Science Learning Community. (2019). TidyTuesday: School Diversity. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2019/2019-09-24/school_diversity.csv
• Data Science Learning Community. (2019). TidyTuesday School Diversity source folder. https://github.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/tree/main/data/2019/2019-09-24
• National Center for Education Statistics. Common Core of Data. https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/
• Reardon, S. F., & Owens, A. (2014). 60 years after Brown: Trends and consequences of school segregation. Annual Review of Sociology, 40, 199–218. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-071913-043152

Social Sciences Drove 63% of Growth

PhDs · Updated through February 19, 2019

• Data Science Learning Community. (2019). TidyTuesday: US PhDs Awarded. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2019/2019-02-19/phd_by_field.csv

The Field Guide Culture Workers Needed

Narratives · Updated through 2019

• Shiller, R. J. (2019). Narrative Economics: How Stories Go Viral and Drive Major Economic Events. Princeton University Press.no link yet
• Kuran, T. (1995). Private Truths, Public Lies: The Social Consequences of Preference Falsification. Harvard University Press.no link yet
• Artometrics Editorial. The Protection Threshold — a related Artometrics report examining the "why didn't we know sooner" mechanism as a measurable point of institutional silence collapse in Hollywood.no link yet

The Platform's $36B Engine and One Podcast's Borrowed Peak

YouTube · Updated through August 2026

• Alphabet Inc. Form 10-K FY2018–FY2024. U.S. SEC EDGAR. YouTube ads disaggregation.
• Netflix Inc. Form 10-K FY2024. Total revenue $39,000,966 thousand.
• Nielsen. Media Distributor Gauge, July 2024 (press release 2024-09-03).
• Nielsen. Media Distributor Gauge, February 2025 (press release 2025-03-25).
• Nielsen. Media Distributor Gauge, April 2025 (press release 2025-05-27).
• Nielsen. Media Distributor Gauge, July 2025 (press release August 26, 2025).
• Nielsen. Media Distributor Gauge, July 2026 (press release September 10, 2026).
• Nielsen. Media Distributor Gauge, August 2026 (press release October 22, 2026).
• Nielsen measures TV-screen viewing only, and "YouTube" in The Gauge means YouTube main, excluding YouTube TV.no link yet
• Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research. Creator economy primer (Apr 2023; public summary, Apr 19, 2023).
• Google. YouTube Help — partner earnings (answer/72902).
• YouTube Official Blog. Made on YouTube 2025 ($100B+ payouts).
• Artometrics. H3 dataset (Apr 2026).no link yet

Twenty Years of Big Mac Prices

Burgers · Updated through December 22, 2020

• Data Science Learning Community. (2020). TidyTuesday: Big Mac Index. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2020/2020-12-22/mac.csv
• The Economist. (2020). The Big Mac Index. economist.com/mac

U.S. Jail Populations, County by County, 1970–2016

Prisons · Updated through January 22, 2019

• Data Science Learning Community. (2019). TidyTuesday: Incarceration Trends. https://github.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/tree/main/data/2019/2019-01-22
• Bureau of Justice Statistics. Correctional Populations in the United States. https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/list?series_filter=Correctional%20Populations%20in%20the%20United%20States
• National Research Council. (2014). The Growth of Incarceration in the United States: Exploring Causes and Consequences. https://doi.org/10.17226/18613
• Vera Institute of Justice. Incarceration Trends. https://trends.vera.org/

Vermont Led Public Tuition at $13,486 as Medians Rose 56%

Tuition · Updated through April 2, 2018

• Data Science Learning Community. (2018). TidyTuesday: US Tuition Costs. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2018/2018-04-02/us_avg_tuition.xlsx

What Does Your Country Sell?

Exports · Updated through: not yet checked

Dataset Creative exports pack

• Data note (no linked source on the original page): The source stack includes the OEC API, UN Comtrade, World Bank WDI, OECD, IMF, and national statistics offices. OEC is useful for complexity-minded views of what countries can make and s…no link yet

When the Brand Outlives the House

Playboy · Updated through 2011

• PLBY Group. Investor relations materials, including company descriptions of licensing footprint and brand history.no link yet
• Variety. Reporting on Cooper Hefner's rejected bid to reacquire Playboy legacy assets, 2024.no link yet
• Hop (2011), Illumination Entertainment. Cast credits, including Russell Brand as E.B. and Hugh Hefner's cameo voice role.no link yet

Austria and Chile, Two Points Apart

Wine · Updated through May 28, 2019

• Data Science Learning Community. (2019). TidyTuesday: Wine Ratings. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2019/2019-05-28/winemag-data-130k-v2.csv

Colorado Leads U.S. Exercise Participation at 32%

Fitness · Updated through July 17, 2018

• Data Science Learning Community. (2018). TidyTuesday: Exercise USA. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2018/2018-07-17/week16_exercise.xlsx

Ethiopia Scores Highest on Coffee Quality—With Zero Starbucks Stores

Coffee · Updated through July 7, 2020

• The Coffee Quality Institute data should be read as a specialty-coffee evaluation archive, not a random sample of all coffee output. CQI Q Graders score submitted samples under standardized protocols, which means the file is strongest fo…no link yet
• The broader citation frame comes from coffee-development and value-chain research by Daviron, Ponte, Samper, Quiñones-Ruiz, and the International Coffee Organization. Those sources matter because the charts show a classic commodity-chain…no link yet
• TidyTuesday (2020-07-07). Coffee Ratings. R for Data Science Community. github.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/…/2020-07-07
• TidyTuesday (2018-05-07). Coffee Chains. R for Data Science Community. github.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/…/2018-05-07
• Coffee Quality Institute. (2020). Q Grader Program and Cupping Protocols. Retrieved from coffeeinstitute.org
• Samper, L. F., & Quiñones-Ruiz, X. F. (2017). Towards a balanced sustainability vision for the coffee industry. Resources, 6(2), 17. doi.org/10.3390/resources6020017
• Daviron, B., & Ponte, S. (2005). The Coffee Paradox: Global Markets, Commodity Trade and the Elusive Promise of Development. Zed Books.no link yet
• Wintgens, J. N. (Ed.). (2009). Coffee: Growing, Processing, Sustainable Output (2nd ed.). Wiley-VCH.no link yet

Fast Food's 2,430-Calorie Ceiling

Fast Food · Updated through September 4, 2018

• The source is the TidyTuesday release from 2018-09-04, maintained by the R for Data Science community. The working file contains 515 rows and 17 columns after merging available CSV tables — restaurant name, item, calories, total fat, and…no link yet

Golden Gate Draws 94× the Median National Park Visit

Parks · Updated through September 17, 2019

• The source is the TidyTuesday release from 2019-09-17 (R for Data Science community). The working file contains 21,560 rows and 13 columns — park names, regions, years, and visitor totals.no link yet

How Far Portland Rides Actually Go

Bikeshare · Updated through June 5, 2018

• Data Science Learning Community. (2018). TidyTuesday: Biketown Bikeshare. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2018/2018-06-05/week10_biketown.zip

How Incident Counts Hide Exposure Differences

Airlines · Updated through August 7, 2018

• Data Science Learning Community. (2018). TidyTuesday: Airline Safety. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2018/2018-08-07/week19_airline_safety.csv

LEGO Sets Shrank to 60 Pieces as Flagships Hit 11,695

Lego · Updated through September 6, 2022

• The source is the TidyTuesday release from 2022-09-06 (R for Data Science community). The working file contains 19,798 rows across set and parts tables after merging — set names, years, part counts, and quantity fields.no link yet

Malaysia Leads Global Ramen Ratings by Half a Star

Ramen · Updated through June 4, 2019

• The source is the TidyTuesday release from 2019-06-04, maintained by the R for Data Science community. The working file contains 3,180 rows and six columns after cleaning: brand, variety, style, country, stars, and review number.no link yet

Maria's 2017 Peak Hammered Puerto Rico in a Three-State Season

Hurricanes · Updated through June 19, 2018

• TidyTuesday release from 2018-06-19, published by the R for Data Science community. The working file contains 153 rows and 4 columns after cleaning—a narrow table built for cross-state comparison in the 2017 window.no link yet

NYC Inspection Scores Hit 156—Eleven Times the Median

Restaurants · Updated through: not yet checked

• The source is the TidyTuesday release built from NYC restaurant inspection open data via the R for Data Science community. The working file contains 100,000 rows sampled from the full dataset, with fields including DBA names, boroughs, s…no link yet

Plastic Mismanagement Stayed Uneven as GDP Doubled Since 1700

Plastic · Updated through May 21, 2019

• The source is the TidyTuesday release from 2019-05-21 (R for Data Science community). The working file contains 22,204 rows and 7 columns after assembling the week's tables — including GDP per capita (PPP) and per-capita mismanaged plast…no link yet

Sweden's UNESCO Sites vs. Denmark

Heritage · Updated through February 6, 2024

• Data Science Learning Community. (2024). TidyTuesday: World Heritage Sites. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2024/2024-02-06/heritage.csv

Two Economies in 10,000 Menu Rows

Pizza · Updated through October 1, 2019

• Data Science Learning Community. (2019). TidyTuesday: All The Pizza. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2019/2019-10-01/pizza_datafiniti.csv

U.S. Craft Beer Peaks at 12.8% ABV While the Median Stays at 6%

Beer · Updated through July 10, 2018

• Data Science Learning Community. (2018). TidyTuesday: Craft Beer USA. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2018/2018-07-10/week15_beers.xlsx

Who Drinks the Most Per Capita?

Alcohol · Updated through June 26, 2018

• Data Science Learning Community. (2018). TidyTuesday: Alcohol Consumption. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2018/2018-06-26/week13_alcohol_global.csv
• World Health Organization. (2018). Global status report on alcohol and health 2018. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565639
• World Health Organization. (2024). Global status report on alcohol and health and treatment of substance use disorders. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240096745
• OECD. (2021). Preventing Harmful Alcohol Use. https://doi.org/10.1787/6e4b4ffb-en
• Rehm, J., et al. (2009). Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders. The Lancet, 373(9682), 2223–2233. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60746-7